一．对立观点型论说文结构模式
1．引出话题----- 一种观点认为…..--- 另一种观点认为……我的观点 (结论)
2. 引出话题(一种情况)----- 一种观点认为…..--- 另一种观点认为……我的态度 (结论)
考生在比较阐述两个不同的观点时,要有自己的观点倾向.对自己赞同的观点可以少花些笔墨,以便大表达自己的观点时还有话可说;对自己反对的观点可以多花笔墨进行驳斥.如果提纲所列的两个观点都不同意,在评论这两个观点时可以平分笔墨.考生在文章的最后表明自己的态度或看法时,如果看法与文章前面的某种观点相同或相近并且需要论述理由时,切忌重复前面提到的论据.考生在打腹稿时要考虑合理分配论据.
对立观点型论说文常用句型 (可背诵，供写作时模仿)
点明主题常用的句式
1．… has become a hot topic among people recently. Opinions vary from person to person.
2. There is an argument /much disagreement /no consensus of opinions among people concerning /over /as to /on…
3. Nowadays, people are divided on the question as to whether…
4. Different people have different views /perspectives on….
5. When being asked about …. Different people will offer different answers.
6. There is a public debate/discussion /controversy today about the problem of …
7. The issue of whether or not… has been widely argued /debated currently.
具体介绍两种对立观点的常用句式
1． Some people suggest /maintain /hold the opinion that…/ But /However/ While/ Nevertheless/Yet other people hold a different point of view…
2． Some people are inclined to think that… On the contrary/ In contrast, there are still many people who won’t agree, and they claim…
3． When it comes to … some people think/believe that… while others argue/ claim that the opposite/ reverse is true.
4． Those who criticize /oppose to /object to… argue that… But people who advocate /favor…, on the other hand, maintain/assert that…
1. Now it is commonly /generally/ widely/universally thought/ accepted/believed /held that …. But I wonder/ doubt whether…
2. To the general public / popular mind, … But despite/ in spite of / … I still believe ….
3. Nowadays, an overwhelming majority of people think that … Nevertheless, there are still some people of the opinion that…
陈述自己观点的常用句式
1． For my part/ As to me/ As far as I am concerned, I’d like to agree to the former/ my favor goes to the first view.
2． I agree to the latter opinion to some extent.
3． I’ m in favor of …/ I’ m on the side of …
4． In my opinion, both sides are partly right. When we… we should take into consideration all aspects of the problems and then make the right decision.
5． There is probably some truth in both arguments/ statements, but…
二．问题解决型论说文结构模式
1．描述情况（问题）……分析原因……我的对策或看法
2. 提出问题…… 分析各种解决方法…… 结论
考生在动笔之前,应仔细阅读提纲,弄清楚作文各段内容的要求,从而避免出现只分析了问题产生的原因,却忘了提出解决问题的对策的情况; 还要避免错误地将分析解决问题的方法理解成为分析问题产生的原因.
考生在提出解决问题的方案时,切记要将方案和前一段中问题产生的原因相呼应,这样整篇文章才会显得结构紧凑,有理有据.
在列举数个原因或对策时,切忌杂乱无章.可以用firstly, secondly, furthermore, finally 等连词来保证整段文章的结构连贯性和条理性.
问题解决型论说文常用句型 (可背诵，供写作时模仿)
引出话题的常用句式
1. Nowadays, …has become a problem we have to face.
2. Nowadays, more and more people are concerned about the problem…
3. Although… has brought convenience to us, many people have begun to realize that it is the source of trouble as well.
4. Recently, the rise in the phenomenon of … has drawn / aroused/ captured worldwide attention.
5. Recently, the issue/ problem/ question of… has been brought into focus/ brought to public attention/posed among public attention.
6. In recent years, many cities/ nations/people have been faced /troubled with the serious problem of….
7. With the increasingly rapid economic globalization and urbanization, more problems are brought to our attention.
8. Nowadays more and more people come to realize/be aware of the importance of….
9. Thanks to China’s reform and opening-up policy, the past two decades have witnessed great economic development and social transformation.
10. With the rapid/ amazing/fantastic development /growth/improvement of economy, great changes have taken place in….
11. One of the urgent /pressing problems /issues we are confronted with is that…
12. It is undeniable / There is no denying the fact that…has become the utmost concern among people nowadays.
13. Once in a newspaper, I hit upon/came across a reporter that ….
分析原因的常用句式
1. Here are many /several /a number of/ a variety of reasons for it. First…. Second… Finally….
2. The reasons can be listed as follows. For one thing, … For another…
3. What has possibly contributed to this problem? In the first place… In the second place….
4. Perhaps the main /primary/ most important reason is …
5. … is also /partly/ solely/ chiefly responsible for the problem.
6. It is no easy job to identify the reason for… which involves several complicated factors. For some… For others…
7. A number of factors could account for/ lead to/contribute to/result in/ be conductive to…
8. This problem may result from/ be attributable to/ be largely due to/ stem from a combination of factors.
9. The explanation for this phenomenon involves many complex reasons. For one thing,… For another…
10. Some people may think that … is to blame for this problem, but its causes go still/ far deeper.
11. It will exert a far-reaching /profound impact/ influence/ effect on…
12. Admittedly, it may create /give rise to /bring about a host of problems.
13. There are a variety of reasons for this phenomenon.
提出解决方法的常用句式
1. The first key factor to solve this problem is … Another key factor is…
2. People have found many solutions / approaches to dealing with this problem.
3. We can figure out many ways to relieve the present crisis.
4. Then, how should we solve this problem? Here are some suggestions, which may be of some help.
5. Faced with.., we should take a serious of effective measures to cope with the situation.
6. It is high time that…. Here are a few examples of some of the measures that might be taken immediately.
7. Obviously, if we ignore/ are blind to this problem, the chances are that/ it is most likely that/ there is every chance that … will be put in jeopardy.
8. We need to take a fresh/ clear look at this matter/ situation in a new perspective/ from a wider standpoint. Otherwise, we won’t come anywhere near solving it.
9. It is essential/ indispensable that proper actions/ effective measures should be taken to reverse this situation/trend.
10. It is hoped/ suggested that considerable/great efforts should be directed to/focus on…
11. There is no easy/immediate solution/ approach to the issue of…, but… might be beneficial/ helpful.
12. No effective/ simple solution can be at hand/ in sight to resolve/ tackle the problem of… But the general awareness of the importance of… might be the first step in the right direction.
三. 说明利弊型论说文结构模式
描述某一现象(事物)……分析其优点……分析其缺点……我的态度或看法
写作要领: 在分别说明某一现象(事物)的优点或缺点时,切忌凌乱,一定要有条理.可以使用一些过渡词或词组,如firstly, secondly, finally;For one thing,… for another,… 在文章最后一段表明自己的态度或看法时,考生最好给出相应的理由或者提出更好的方法以减少某现象(事物)可能带来的负面效应.
说明利弊型论说文常用句型 (可背诵，供写作时模仿)
说明事物优点的常用句式
1. There are several advantages in/of .. The first/ biggest advantages is that…
2. Nothing / Few things can equal/ match with / be compared with … in terms of…
3. For all/ In spite of / Despite the disadvantages/ side effects, it has its compensating advantages/ beneficial effects.
4…. has a positive impact/ influence/ effect on people’s lives.
5…. is playing an increasingly important role in people’s lives.
说明事物缺点的常用句式
1. However, …, just like anything else, has its negative side as well.
2. Of course, the disadvantages can not be ignored.
3. However, it still has some drawbacks.
4. However, just as everything has two sides, … also has many disadvantages.
5. However, may also cause/ bring about/lead to /result in/contribute to some problems.
6. However, it’s often blamed for its obvious defects.
7. Everything has two sides,… is no exception.
8. As the proverb goes, every coin has its two sides/ no garden without its weeds/ every medal has its reverse… no exception.
9. However, the negative aspects are also apparent/ obvious/evident. To begin with,… To make matters worse, ... Worst of all,…
side effects… has exerted on human beings can be boiled down to several major ones as follows. First,… Second,… In addition,…
说明事物利大于弊的常用句式
1. As to me, I think the advantages outweigh/ carry more weight than the disadvantages.
2. Anyway, I still believe … has more advantages than disadvantages.
3. But for me, I think what is more important is its positive side.
4. The advantages of/ derived from… far outweigh/ are much greater than the disadvantages/ problems… entails.
四. 阐述主题型论说文的结构模式
1) 格言成语: 揭示蕴意…..以例证展开论证…..结论(号召或建议)
2) 一种现象…. 分析其中原因……我的看法(前景预测或评价)
3) 引出主题…..我的观点…..总论
考生在举例说明谚语或格言所包含的道理时,要保证例证的说服力,以及多个例证的有机连接时,切忌简单地罗列几个简单的例子.一般最重要、典型的例子放在最前面以引起读者的兴趣。
写作模板
1．Argumentation型题
1） some, others, I 型
（1）模板一
There is no consensus among the people as to the view of _________ (主题). Some people hold the idea that _______________________ (观点A). A case in point is that _______________________ (支持观点A的例子).
On the other hand, others may have a quite different view. According to them, ________________________ (观点B). The most typical example is that _________________________ (支持观点B的例子).
Weighing the pros and cons of these arguments, I am inclined to agree with the latter. Admittedly, the former point of view seems reasonable in saying to some extent, but the latter is more convincing.
（2）模板二
___________ (主题) is a common occurrence in our lives. The attitudes toward this issue vary from person to person. Some people tend to ______________ when they are asked _________________ (观点A) because _______________________ (支持观点A的原因). The most typical example is that ____________________________ (支持观点A的例子).
However, others argue that ________________________ (观点B). They point out that _______________________ (重申观点B) for the reason that _______________ (支持观点B的原因).
As far as I am concerned, I will choose to __________________ (你的观点) because this choice fits my personality and my life-long belief.
2） My View 型
（1）模板一
When asked about ______________ (主题), some people hold the idea that _________________________ (观点A). As far as they are concerned, _________________________ (展开观点A) I could not agree with them in several points. In my opinion, ______________________________ (观点B). The reasons for my choice are listed as follows.
In the first place, ___________________________ (支持观点B的理由1). In the second place, ______________________________ (支持观点B的理由2) the third place, _________________ (支持观点B的理由3).
For the reasons mentioned above, I firmly believe ____________ (重申观点B).
the idea that ______________________________ (支持观点A的例子). And it may bring them_____________________________ (A带给他们的好处).
In my opinion, I never think this reason can be the point. For one thing, _________________________ (我不同意的理由1). For another, _____________________________ (我不同意的理由2).
As a matter of fact, there are some other reasons to explain my choice. For me, I agree to the thought that ______________________________ (重申自己的观点).
3）利弊型
（1）模板一
Nowadays many people prefer __________ (主题) because it plays a significant role in our daily life. Generally, its advantages can be seen as follows. On the one hand, ________________(主题的优点1). On the other hand, ___________________ (主题的优点2).
But everything can be divided into two. The negative aspects are also apparent. One of the important disadvantages is that ___________________ (主题的缺点1). To make matters worse, __________________________ (主题的缺点2).
Through the above analysis, I believe that the positive aspects far outweigh its negative aspects. Whatever effects it has, one thing is certain, ________ (主题) itself is neither good nor bad. It is the uses to which it is put that determine its value to our society.
（2）模板二
With the development of science and human civilization, many formerly unimaginable things come into reality. Some of them have positive effects on our life, but some are phenomenon of ___________ (主题现象) is an example of the former / latter one.
There are many factors that may account for it, and the following are the most conspicuous
aspects. To start with, ________________________________ (原因1). Furthermore,____________________________________ (原因2). Eventually,
______________________________________ (原因3).
Good as ____________ (主题现象) is, it has, unfortunately, its disadvantages. The apparent example is that _______________________________ (缺点例子1). In addition, ________________________________________ (缺点例子2).
On the whole, the phenomenon is one of the results of the progress of the modern society. There is still a long way for us to improve / eliminate __________ (主题现象) and make our life more comfortable.
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