12、Middle English
中古英语
13、from Old French
源自 古法语
14、from Latin causa [reason, purpose]
源自 拉丁语 causa [原因,目的]
cause的词性:
adj.(形容词)
cause的词性:
adj.(形容词)
cause的词性:
(1) cause表示“使”或者“迫使”的意思时,一般接不定式的复合结构作宾语。
例句:The vibration during operation often caused the nuts to loosen.
机器运转时的震动常使螺母变得松动。
这个坏消息使她伤心。
(2) cause表示“造成”或者“使(发生)”的意思时,有如下搭配。
① cause后可直接用造成的结果或者发生的事情作宾语。
例句:The resignation of the prime minister will cause much confusion.
首相的辞职将引起很大混乱。
②cause后面可以接双宾语。
例句:My Sister caused my parents much unhappiness. 我妹妹弄的我父母很不开心。
③cause后面接不定式的复合结构作宾语。
例句:What caused your usband to change her mind? 是什么使你的丈夫改变了主意?
注意事项:如果双宾语易位,可以用介词 to 或者for 来引出间接宾语。
例句:He irresponsible behaviour has caused his family a great deal of anxiety.=He irresponsible behaviour has caused a great deal of anxiety to [for] his family. 他不负责任的行为已引起他家人的莫大担扰。
cause, reason, occasion, antecedent
15、These nouns denote what brings about or is associated with an effect or result. A
这些名词意指带来或关于某种影响或结果的原因。
16、cause is an agent or condition that permits the occurrence of an effect or necessarily or ineluctably leads to a result:
Cause 是允许一种效果的发生或必然、必要导致结果发生的动因或条件:
There was no obvious reason for the accident.
这场事故没有明显的缘由。
18、Occasion is a situation that permits or stimulates existing causes to come into play:
Occasion 是一种允许或激发既存原因发生作用的情形:
“Such were the causes; but the immediate occasion of his departure 。 。 。 was the favorable opportunity 。 。 。 of migrating in a pleasant way” (Thomas De Quincey)。
“这就是原因;但使得他离开的直接动因…是能够舒服地移居的诱人机会。” (托马斯·德·昆西)。
19、Antecedent refers to what has gone before and implies a relationship—but not necessarily a causal one—with what ensues:
Antecedent 指先发生并且暗示着与后继者之间的关系—虽不必然是因果关系—的原因:
The moderator invoked a rule causing the debate to be ended.
仲裁人引用了一项规则使辩论终止
“He is not only dull in himself, but the cause of dullness in others” (Samuel Foote)。
“他不仅仅是自己愚蠢,而且是引起他人愚蠢的原因” (塞缪尔·福特)。
17、Reason refers to what explains the occurrence or nature of an effect:
Reason 是指解释某种效果的发生或性质的措辞: